Description
Digital imaging or digital image acquisition is the creation of digital
images, typically from a physical scene. The term is often assumed
to imply or include the processing, compression, storage, printing, and
display of such images. The most usual method is by digital photography with a digital
camera but
other methods are also employed.
Digital imaging was developed in the 1960s and
1970s, largely to avoid the operational weaknesses of film cameras,
for scientific and military missions including the KH-11 program. As digital technology became
cheaper in later decades, it replaced the old film methods for many purposes.
The first digital image was produced in 1920, by
the Bartlane cable picture transmission
system. British inventors, Harry G. Bartholomew and Maynard D.
McFarlane, developed this method. The process consisted of “a series of
negatives on zinc plates that were exposed for varying lengths of time, thus
producing varying densities,The Bartlane cable picture
transmission system generated at both its transmitter and its receiver end a
punched data card or tape that was recreated as an image.
In 1957, Russell A.
Kirsch produced a
device that generated digital data that could be stored in a computer; this
used a drum scanner and photomultiplier tube.
In the early 1960s, while developing compact,
lightweight, portable equipment for the onboard nondestructive testing of naval aircraft, Frederick G.
Weighart and James F. McNulty at Automation Industries, Inc., then,
in El Segundo, California co-invented the first apparatus to generate a digital
image in real-time, which image was a fluoroscopic digital radiograph. Square wave signals were
detected by the pixels of a cathode ray tube to create the image.
Digital imaging has demonstrated its worth in a
variety of fields from education to medicine. As digital projectors, screens,
and graphics find their way to the classroom, teachers and students alike are
benefitting from the increased convenience and communication they provide,
although their theft can be a common problem in schools. In
addition acquiring a basic digital imaging education is becoming increasingly
important for young professionals. Reed, a design production expert from Western
Washington University, stressed the importance of using “digital
concepts to familiarize students with the exciting and rewarding technologies
found in one of the major industries of the 21st century”.
The field of medical imaging, a branch of digital imaging
that seeks to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, is growing at
a rapid rate. A recent study by the American
Academy of Pediatrics suggests
that proper imaging of children who may have appendicitis may reduce the amount of appendectomies
needed. Further advancements include amazingly detailed and accurate imaging of
the brain, lungs, tendons, and other parts of the body—images that can be used
by health professionals to better serve patients
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